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Home
> Phonetics - IV
Basic English : General Rules of Pronunciation Phonetics - IV
Phonetics - I
Phonetics - II
Phonetics - III
Phonetics - IV
General Rules of Pronunciation - Phonetics - IV
PRONUNCIATION OF “C”
(1) When 'C' is followed by A,O,U,K & T and preceded by vowel, it is pronounced as ‘K’
"C" followed by "A"
pronounced as
"K"
Cat
Can
Camara
Cater
Cattle
Cake
Castle
"C" followed by "O"
pronounced as
"K"
Cock / Coke
Cot / Coat
Colon / Colony
Collect / Count
Coach
Could
Concern
"C" followed by "U"
pronounced as
"K"
Cut
Custom
Cure
Culture
Custody
Customer
-
"C" followed by "K"
pronounced as
"K"
Cock
Back
Sack
Rack
Crockery
-
-
"C" followed by "T"
pronounced as
"K"
Act
Action
Fact
Pact
Practice
Duct
-
(2) When word begins with ‘C’ and is followed by ‘E’, ‘I’, ‘Y’, it is pronounced as ‘S’
"C" followed by "E"
pronounced as
"S"
Rice / Mice
Piece / Peace
Dice
Practice
Grocer
Celebrate
"C" followed by "I"
pronounced as
"S"
Circle
Cinema
Citizen
Fascinate
Circus
Criticism
"C" followed by "Y"
pronounced as
"S"
Cycle
Cyclist
Cyclone
Cyst
Cyanide
-
(3) When ‘C’ is followed by ‘IA’ or ‘EA’, it is pronounced as ‘SH’
"C" followed by "IA"
pronounced as
"SH"
Social
Special / Speciality
Crucial / Financial
"C" followed by "EA"
pronounced as
"SH"
Ocean
Panacea
-
PRONUNCIATION OF “G”
When a word ends with ‘GE’ or ‘GE’ is a part of a word, it is pronounced as ‘J’ and others ‘G’
word ends with "GE"
pronounced as
"J"
Cage / Cottage
Coinage
Page / Wage
Lodge
Mortgage
"GE" or "GI" is a part of word
pronounced as
"J"
Merger
Ginger
Germ
Pigeon
Religion
"GE" or "G" is a part of word
pronounced as
"G"
Finger / Singer
God
Give
Ground
Grass
Note: There are many exceptions to this rule.
PRONUNCIATION OF “S”
(1) When the word ends with g, gg, ee, oe, ie and y, ‘S’ is pronounced as ‘Z’
word ends with "g", "gg", "ee" and "oe"
"S"
is pronounced as
"Z"
Songs
Eggs
Sees
Rupees
Heroes
word ends with "ie" and "y"
"S"
is pronounced as
"Z"
Carries
Worries
Boys
Rays
Toys
(2) When a word ends with e, f, p, pe and te, 'S' is pronounced as ‘S’
word ends with "e", "f" and "p"
"S"
is pronounced as
"S"
Jokes
Roofs / Proofs
Craps / Crops
Shops
Traps / Helps
word ends with "pe" and "te"
"S"
is pronounced as
"S"
Hopes
Pipes
Slopes
Bites
Kites
(3) When a word with ‘s’ and ‘ss’ is followed by IA and ION, 'S' is pronounced as ‘SH’
"S" and "SS" followed by "IA"
"S"
is pronounced as
"SH"
Asian
Persian
Russian
"S" and "SS" followed by "ION"
"S"
is pronounced as
"SH"
Pension / Passion
Profession / Session
Mansion / Mission
PRONUNCIATION OF “T”
(1) When ‘T’ is followed by ie and io, it is pronounced as ‘sh’
"T" followed by "IE" and "IO"
"T"
is pronounced as
"SH"
Patient
Nation / Ration
Motion / Creation / Mention
(2) When ‘S’ is followed by ‘TIAN’, ‘TION’ or ‘TURE’, 'T' is pronounced as ‘CH’
‘S’ followed by "TIAN", "TION" or "TURE"
"T"
is pronounced as
"CH"
Christian / Question
Vulture / Culture / Future
(3) When ‘T’ is followed by ‘H’ then it is pronounced as “TH” or “DH”
word with "T" followed by "H"
"T"
is pronounced as
"TH"
Three
Thirteen
Throw
Thrive
word with "T" followed by "H"
"T"
is pronounced as
"DH"
This / That
Then
There
Than
WHEN CONSONANTS ARE SILENT
In following words Consonants remains Silent
"B" Silent
Doubt
Dumb
Thumb
"L" Silent
Chalk
Talk / Walk
Palm / Clam
"K" Silent
Know
Knowledge
Knife / Knight
"GH" Silent
Right
Light
Plight / Flight
"N" Silent
Column
Autumn
Solemn
"P" Silent
Psychology
Pneumonia
Pneumatic
Related Topics :
English Alphabet letters
Articles : 'A', 'An' and 'The'
Parts of Sentence(s)
Vowels and Consonants
Common Mistakes
Phobias & Fear
SMS English words
Personality Development
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